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Endocrine Surgery

  1. WHAT ARE ENDOCRINE ORGANS?

These are the organs which release certain hormones/chemicals in the blood which control/ regulate the various functions of the body.

 

  1. WHICH ARE THE COMMON ENDOCRINE ORGANS?
  • The common endocrine organs are
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid gland
  • Adrenal gland
  • Pancreas
  • Pituitary gland
  • Gonads: testes and ovary
  • Thymus gland

 

  1. HOW DOES ONE IDENTIFY PROBLEMS WITH ENDOCRINE GLAND? (Common Signs and Symptoms)

Since there are many endocrine glands, it is difficult to assign any symptoms to these. However, unexplained weight gain or loss, recurrent stones, fractures following minor injuries, hypertension, hirsuitism (facial hair in women), double vision, muscle weakness, lumps in neck are few of the features that one can ascertain with endocrine gland problems.

 

  1. WHAT IS ENDOCRINE SURGERY?

It is a sub-speciality of General Surgery which deals with the surgery of Endocrine organs.

 

  1. WHEN TO CONSULT AN ENDOCRINE SURGEON?

Most of these problems dealing with endocrine glands are picked up by the Physician and then referred to the surgeon for needful. Thyroid problems which have a swelling in front of the neck are the ones that are most commonly picked up by the patient. If the evaluation shows any lump/ tumour in the endocrine gland, then consultation with a surgeon is a must.

 

  1. IS SURGERY NEEDED FOR ALL THE ENDOCRINAL DISEASES?

Most of the endocrine diseases present with hormonal imbalances and are managed conservatively. Most of you would be having someone in your circle who is either on thyroid medicines, or is a diabetic. Both are endocrine diseases. But they rarely need a surgery. Only when a tumour/ growth is detected in one of the endocrine glands, do they need a surgery.

 

  1. IF MEDICINE CAN OPTIMIZE THE GLAND FUNCTION, THEN WHY THE SURGERY IS NEEDED?

As mentioned earlier, a surgery is needed only if there is a growth in the gland, that a surgery is needed. In few cases, if the gland is over-functioning or causing other symptoms, a surgery is needed. A common example is Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)

 

  1. HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE SURGERY?

As you prepare for any other surgery, the same preparation is needed. You would be started on medicines to control your sugars, blood pressures, Calcium levels etc. your surgeon, in consultation with the anaesthetist, Physician and an endocrinologist, would get a series of tests done, including some scans for preparation for surgery. Then there might be a short period before surgery, when a few additional medicines are given and then surgery is planned. Since endocrine glands control or regulate a lot of functions, to have a safe outcome after surgery, this preoperative preparation is needed.

You might be admitted a day before surgery, a few tests repeated to see everything is under control, and they you undergo a surgery as any other patient undergoing a surgery.